Implementation of a Smart Marine Debris Governance Systemfor Marine Debris Management in Indonesia

Abstract

Marine debris management in Indonesia continues to face challenges despite an existing regulatory framework. Fragmented institutional authority, weak coordination, and disconnected data and monitoring systems hinder effective policy implementation. This study aims to examine the regulatory framework and implementation of marine debris management in Indonesia and propose a smart marine debris governance system. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by literature review and qualitative normative analysis. The findings indicate that existing regulations lack integrated implementation mechanisms. Fragmented responsibilities and non-integrated monitoring and reporting systems limit coordination, transparency, and accountability. To address these issues, this study proposes an integrated monitoring application, the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, and cross-sector collaboration supported by performance-based accountability. This model is expected to improve data integration, strengthen institutional coordination, and enhance policy implementation. In conclusion, effective marine debris management requires integrated digital governance connecting institutions, data, technology, and accountability to support sustainable management.