Efektivitas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 dalam PerlindunganHukum dan Pemenuhan Hak Awak Kapal Perikanan Migran
Keywords:
Migrant Workers, Fishing Boat Crew, Government Regulation No. 22 Year 2022Abstract
Indonesia is a country with abundant marine resources due to the large number of islands in Indonesia,
including large and small islands, with approximately 17,508 islands. The high number of islands in
Indonesia makes this one of the livelihoods of the Indonesian people, especially those living on the
coastline, namely as fisheries crew members or fishermen. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of
Government Regulation Number 22 of 2022 in providing legal protection and ensuring the fulfillment of
rights for migrant fisheries crew members. The research employs an empirical juridical approach, utilizing
literature review and field studies through direct interviews. The findings reveal that despite the existence
of this regulation, the implementation of legal protection for migrant fisheries crew members remains
challenging. Key issues include weak policy enforcement, limited supervision, lack of legal awareness
among crew members, and bureaucratic obstacles that hinder access to legal assistance. Additionally,
cases of exploitation and labor contract misinterpretation persist, particularly in the high-risk fisheries
industry. The regulation establishes a clearer legal framework by defining the responsibilities of
placement companies and the government in ensuring social protection, fair wages, work safety,
insurance, and legal aid for crew members. However, gaps in enforcement necessitate collaborative efforts
among government agencies, fisheries companies, and non-governmental organizations. Strengthening
supervision, legal enforcement, and empowering crew members through legal education and training are
crucial to improving protection. Continuous policy improvements and inter-agency coordination are
expected to enhance the effectiveness of legal protection for migrant fisheries crew members in Indonesia.
References
Azhar, M., & Suhartoyo, S. (2022). Konsep Perlindungan Anak Buah Kapal Perikanan Dalam Sistem
Hukum Nasional. Law, Development and Justice Review, 5(2), 248–267.
https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v5i2.17352
Ely, F. L. F., Tuhulele, P., & Daties, D. R. A. (2022). Pengaturan Tentang Pekerja Migran dan
Tanggung Jawab Negara. TATOHI Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2(2), 122–129.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v2i2.903
Greenpeace, Indonesia. (2024). Jejak Kerja Paksa Awak Kapal Indonesia di Kapal Taiwan dalam
Produk Tuna Kalengan: Laporan Investigasi Greenpeace dan SBMI.
https://www.greenpeace.org/indonesia/siaran-pers-2/62003/jejak-kerja-paksa-awak-kapal
indonesia-di-kapal-taiwan-dalam-produk-tuna-kalengan-laporan-investigasi-greenpeacedan-sbmi/
Hadi Adha, L. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia Yang Bekerja Sebagai Awak
Kapal Perikanan (AKP) Asing. Private Law, 2(3), 795–815.
https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v2i3.2112
Karinda, P. Y., Sumakul, T. F., & Soputan, M. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Tindak
Pidana Perdagangan Orang Di Kapal Asing (Studi Kasus Benjina). Lex Privatum.
https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/40374%0Ahttps://ejournal.u
nsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/viewFile/40374/36158
Marchetti, J. A., & Mavroidis, P. C. (2011). The genesis of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in
Services). European Journal of International Law, 22(3), 689–721.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chr051
Muis, A. N. F. (2022). Perlindungan dan Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Kasus Perbudakan
Anak Buah Kapal Indonesia di Kapal Asing. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 3(12), 988–999.
https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i12.346
Ansari, Negara, T. S. (2023). Normative Legal Research in Indonesia: Its Originis and Approaches.
Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ), 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v4i1.24855
Oktariani, P., & Suhermanto, D. F. (2022). Upaya ILO dalam mengatasi Permasalahan Kerja Paksa
ABK Indonesia di Kapal Ikan Asing. Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi), 16(1),
105–122. https://doi.org/10.24815/jsu.v16i1.25803
Rahman, I., Mallapiang, F., A.Fachrin, S., & Abbas, H. H. (2019). Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
(K3) Sebelum Melaut pada Nelayan Penangkap Ikan di Kelurahan Lappa Kecematan Sinjai
Utara. Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.33096/woh.v2i1.590
Ridzani, Yani A., & Pratama, W. (2024). Kebijakan Perlindungan Awak Kapal Migran Indonesia:
Studi Komparatif Awak Kapal Niaga Dan Penangkap Ikan. Majalah Ilmiah Bahari Jogja, 22(1),
46–58. https://doi.org/10.33489/mibj.v22i1.354
Septiana, S. (2018). SISTEM SOSIAL-BUDAYA PANTAI: Mata Pencaharian Nelayan dan Pengolah
Ikan di Kelurahan Panggung Kecamatan Tegal Timur Kota Tegal. Sabda : Jurnal Kajian
Kebudayaan, 13(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.14710/sabda.13.1.83-92
Soulisa, S., Tawainella, M. N., & Subair, S. (2023). Pola Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat Pesisir di Desa
Siwar Kabupaten Buru Selatan. HORIZON: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary, 1(1), 01–
18. https://doi.org/10.54373/hijm.v1i1.73
Talib, A. (2018). Peluang dan Tantangan Industri Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan dalam
Mendukung Terwujudnya Lumbung Ikan Nasional (LIN) di Maluku Utara. Agrikan: Jurnal
Agribisnis Perikanan, 11(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.11.1.19-27
Widodo, H., & Belgradoputra, R. J. (2019). Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Binamulia
Hukum, 8(1), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v8i1.42
Wiyantoro, S. L. A. (2022). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK BUAH KAPAL IKAN
ASING BERDASARKAN UU NO. 18 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA
MIGRAN INDONESIA DAN KONVENSI ILO (International Labour Organization) NO. 188
TAHUN 2007. [Skripsi Hukum 2022], 2(1), 1–4. http://www.ifpri.org/themes/gssp/gssp.htm%0Ahttp://files/171/Cardon - 2008 - Coaching
