From Participation to Sustainability: The Role of Social Capital in Batam’s Solid Waste Management System
Keywords:
Solid Waste Management , Social Capital, Public Participation, Sustainability, Batam CityAbstract
This study examines how social capital mediates the relationship between citizen participation and sustainability in Batam’s SWM system. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that while regulatory frameworks and community based initiatives such as waste banks and TPS3R units exist, their effectiveness is constrained by weak institutional capacity, inconsistent implementation, and limited public trust in government services. Social capital—manifested through networks of trust, reciprocity, and community monitoring—emerged as a critical factor in sustaining participation, particularly where formal governance structures were ineffective. However, the exclusion of informal waste
actors and fragmented coordination among municipal stakeholders continue to undermine policy outcomes. The study concludes that Batam’s SWM must be reframed as a governance challenge rather than solely a technical issue, requiring stronger institutional arrangements, inclusive collaboration with informal sectors, and greater investment in social capital to
transform episodic participation into long-term sustainability. These insights contribute to broader debates on participatory governance and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals in rapidly urbanizing cities.
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